Lamp.



Patented Nov. y7, |899. Y

mvENToR mim JMJAMMNM ATTORNEYS C. L. MARSHALL.

LAMP

(Application led Feb. 25, 1898.)

'(No Model.)

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UNITED STATES PArENr` Einen.

CHARLES L. MARSHALL, oE NEWARK, NEw JERSEY.

LAMP.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 636,387, dated November '7, 1899. Application filed February 25, 1898. Serial No. 671,598. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, CHARLES L. MARSHALL, a citizen of the United States, residing at Newark, in the county of Essex and State of New Jersey, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Lamps; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and eX- act description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same.

My invention relates to lamps, and particularly to the burners of that class of oil-lamps which are designed to produce light through the heating to incandescence of a Suitable incandescing body, such as a gauze mantle,com posed of refractory incandescing material.

My invention is applicable to lamps of the type covered by the patent to lPaul Lucas No. 597,682, dated January 18, 1898.

My invention consists in the novel and improved construction of the gasiier.

In lamps of the class to which my invention particularly relates combustion takes place at a point somewhat above the wick with a Iiame of great heating power, which, because it is substantially non-luminous, but is blue or colorless, is hereinafter referred to as a blue or colorless flame. This flame when perfectly formed does not deposit carbon on the mantle, as would be done by an ordinary yellow luminous flame, but heats the mantle to brilliant incandescence. Sometimes, however, owin g to the wick being badly trimmed or to other disturbing causes, the ame is not entirely blue or non-luminous, but has one or more slightly-luminous tips. These luminous yellow tips, if they reach the mantle, deposit carbon thereon, thus decreasing the illuminating power of the lamp until such time as the carbon shall have been burned off.

I have found that by making the outer sides or walls of the gasier imperforate and by providing within these imperforate sides a perforated shell or thimble corresponding substantially to the perforated shell or thimble of the gasifier of the said Lucas patent, an opening or openings being provided above the imperforate sides for the escape of combustible gases, the flame is made more even and the tendency to smoke the mantle is greatly decreased. By this construction a supplementary mixing-chamber is provided outside of the perforated thimble, and the size of this chamber is preferably increased by tapering the walls of the perforated inner shell or thimble toward the bottom. A gasiiier so constructed also heats up much more rapidly when the lamp is first lighted, so that the nonluminous or heating flame is produced much sooner than has been the case heretofore. In former lamps of the same class also it has been necessary to have the Wick very low when the lamp is first lighted, because if the wick is not low the fiame will go out. When this gasier is used, however, the wick may be at its normal height when the lamp is first lighted and the iiame maybe caused to change from the luminous to the blue or non-luminous iiame without further raising of the wick. In lamps of this class trouble has also been experienced at times because of the production of a disagreeable roaring noise, which can be stopped, however, by raising the contracting draft-collar; but when the form of gasifler herein illustrated and described is employed the production of this roaring noise is avoided.

The object of my invention is to provide an improved form of gasiier by which the quality of the iiame may be improved and smoking of the mantle and the production of a roaring noise by the flame prevented or the liability thereto greatly reduced, .which will permit a iiame of considerable height to be maintained when the lamp is first lighted and before the parts are heated, and which will cause the change from the luminous to the non-lu minous flame to take place automaticallywithoutfurtherraisingofthewick. This object is attained in the invention herein described, and illustrated in the drawings which accompany and form a part of this specification, in which the same reference-numerals indicate the same or corresponding parts, and in which- Figure 1 is a central vertical section of the burner. Fig. 2 is a detail view showing a slightly-different form of gasifler, and Fig. 3 shows still another form of gasiiier.

The lamp is of the central-draft type, having a central draft-tube l, surrounded by a wick-tube 2, with an intervening wick-chamber, in which is a wick 3, and the lamp is of IOO that class of central-draft lamps in which the central draft-tube extends down ward through the oil-reservoir of the lamp to the bottom thereof.

The outer portion of the burner consists of a chimney-gallery 5 an'd a skirt G, which su pports the chimney-gallery and at the bottom is provided with screw-threads engaging corresponding screw-threads of a collar 7, screwing into the top of the oil-reservoir. The skirt 6 is not provided with side perforations, as is the case in most central-draft burners, but has near its bottom a ring 8, pressed out from the body of the skirt, and which has upper and lower perforations, as shown in Fig. 2. Thron gh these perforations air is admitttcd to the flame, passing upwardly between the wick-tube 2 and skirt G and contracting draftcollar 9, which latter is carried by the chimney-gallery 5, although this is not material. The use of side perforations in lthe skirt G has been avoided in this lamp, because it is found that by doing so the lamp is rendered much less sensitive to external currents of air. The air entering through the openings in the ring 8 either enters in a substantially upward direction or in such a direction that it must immediately turn to the upward direction. For this reason wind-currents have little effect upon the lamp.

The ring S forms a convenient place at which to grasp the skirt 6 when turning it in the screw-threads of the collar 7 for the purpose of raising and lowering the draft-collar on the mantle, this ring being kept cool by the entering currents of air. The mantle is supported by an ordinary bent rod 10, fitting into a suitable clamping device in the chimney-gallery. In the chimney-gallery are provided a series of perforations 11 outside of the draft-collar 9, through which air is admitted to keep the lower portion of the chimney cool. The draft-collar 9 supports a mantle spreading and supporting ring 12.

The gasifier 13 is of somewhat different construction from that illustrated and described in the Lucas patent above mentioned. It resembles the gasifier of the Lucas patent in that it has a perforated shell or thimble supported at the center, closed at the top, and

open at the bottom and having perforatedY sides and a deflecting-ring at the bottom eX- tending partly over the wick; but it differs from the gasier of the Lucas patent, first, in that this perforated shell or thimble is within a ring 14, which may be integral with the horizontal deflecting-ring of the gasiiier and which extends upwardly nearly to the top of the gasifier, so that it forms the outer portion or sides of the gasifier and incloses between itself and the inner perforated thimble a space which forms a separate mixing-chamber for the gas and air, and, second, in that its perforated inner thilnble tapers inward toward the bottom. The gases as they rise from the wick are drawn into the gasifier and then pass outward through the openings in the inner perforated thimble thereof within the outer imperforate sides 14 and then out through the slot between the top of ringV 14 and the top of the gasifier and do not burn until they have passed out through this slot. The fiame so produced is very even and is not likely to smoke the mantle unless the mantle is too low. If it is too low, it can be raised easily by turning the skirt 6 by lneans of the ring 8. Instead of tapering inward the inner perforated thimble of the gasifier may be constructed with straight sides, as shown in Fig. 4. This gasifler permits the wick to be at its normal height when the lamp is first lighted. The gasfier therefore heats up much more rapidly than would be the case if the wick were low, and the large heatingsurface of the ring 14 also causes more rapid heating of the gasifier than is the case with former gasifiers.

To the chimney gallery is attached, by means of metal strips 15, a guiding-ring 16, sliding upon the outer wick-tube 2. This steadies the chimney-gallery and connected parts when the gallery is raised in lighting the lamp.

The operation of the lamp is as follows: To light the lamp, the chimney-gallery is raised. It is not necessary to :remove the chimney-gallery entirely from the lamp, as when it has been raised so far that the bottom of the draft-collar 9 is above the top of the wick-tube a match may be inserted beween any two of the strips 15. The wick may be at or near its normal level when lighted, the lamp being in this respect an improvement over former lamps of the same class. The wick may be at its normal level when lighted if the person lighting the lamp will hold the chimney-gallery up for a few seconds until the gasifier has become heated; but if the chimney-galleryis to be lowered immediately after the wick is lighted the wick should be somewhat below its normal level before the chimney-gallery is lowered, though it may be considerably above the top of the wick-tube. If the chimney-gallery has been held up for a few seconds, with the wick at its normal level, until the gasifier has become heated, the luminous flame produced when the wick is first lighted changes automatically and almost instantly into the non-luminous flame, the gases passing into the gasifier and thence out through the perforations in the sides thereof. If the chimney-gallery has been lowered before the gasifier is thoroughly heated, however, the wick must be raised slightly in order to produce the change from the luminous to the non -luminous fiame. If after the change to the non-luminous flame has occurred carbon is deposited upon the mantle by the flame, this is a sign either that the wick is too high or that the mantle is too near the flame. 1f the former is the case the wick may be lowered; but if the latter is the case IOO IIO

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the mantle may be raised by turning the skirt 6. If, on the other hand, the mantle is too far above the flame to secure full incandescence, it may be lowered by turning the skirt 6 in the reverse direction.

The ring 14 may extend clear to the top of the gasifier instead of extending only part of the way, as shown in Figs. 1 and 4, and the chamber between the inner perforated thimble of the gasitier and the ring 14 closed over, as shown in Fig. 5. In such case the ring 14 will be provided with slots or openings, as shown, through which the gases escape and are burned. This construction is the mere equivalent of the construction shown in Figs. 2 and 4.

Having thus completely described my invention, what I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. The combination, with a central drafttube, of a gasitier above the draft-tube comprising an inner thimble closed at the top, open at the bottom, and perforated at the sides, a deflecting-rin g below the top and perforated sides of said inner thimble,and an outer ring Ysurrounding the innerthimble, the construction and proportions of the parts being such that a blue or colorless flame may be produced projecting fromy the gasitier, substantially as described.

2. The combination, with a central drafttube, of a gasifier above the draft-tube comprising an inner thimble closed at the top, open at the bottom, and perforated at the sides, said sides being contracted at the bottom, a delecting-ring below the top and perforated sides of said inner thimble, and an outer ring surrounding the inner thimble, the construction and proportions of the parts being such thata blue or colorless flame may be produced projecting from the gasifier, substantially as described.

3. A gasitier of the type described comprising an inner thimble closed at the top, open at the bottom, and perforated at the sides, a deHecting-rin g below the top and perforated sides of said inner thimble, and an outer ring surrounding the inner thimble, substantially as described.

4. A gasifier of the type described comprising an inner thimble closed at the top, open at the bottom, and perforated at the sides, said sides being contracted at the bottom, a deiiecting-ring below the top and perforated sides of said inner thimble, and an outer ring surrounding the inner thimble, substantially as described.

5. A gasiiier of the type described consisting of a hollow metal bodyopen at the bottom, and having imperforate sides and an opening above said imperforate sides for the escape of gases within it, substantially as described.

6. A gasitier of the type described consisting of a hollow metal body open at the bottom and having a delecting-ring and imperforate sides above said deiiecting-ring, an opening being provided above said imperforate sides for the escape of gases within the gasifier, substantially as described.

7. A gasifier of the type described consisting of a hollow metal body open at the bottom and having a deflecting-ring and imperforate sides extending upwardly from the outer edge of said deflecting-ring, an opening being provided above said imperforate sides for the escape of gases within the gasiiier, substantially as described.

In testimony lwhereof I aiiix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

CHARLES L. MARSHALL.

Witnesses:

HARRY M. MARBLE, H. A. CASE. 

